The Reality of Sweatshops
Honduras was the first country in Central America to start with the Maquila (textile company) revolution. By 1996 the maquila industry generated $250 million and gave work to 75,000 people, 75 percent being women. It was the third income source after exporting coffee and bananas. In 2008 six maquilas closed down leaving more than 15,000 workers unemployed. There are still 114,000 people working in maquilas representing 26 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Honduras has introduced the maquilas because textile companies take advantage of the cheap labor, proximity to the United States and wonderful tax incentives that the government provides.
“Maquilas in Honduras are the biggest foreign investment the country has and one of the greatest sources of employment,” said consular agent of Honduras in Houston Yolani Dubon.
The maquilas are located in the Export Processing Zones (EPZ) where Honduras offers a relatively good price. These have proven to be very beneficial to foreign investors. These EPZ’s include benefits such as: 100 percent exemption from the import duties for raw materials, equipment, office supplies; from export taxes on all finished products; from income and excise taxes, city and country taxes, including sales taxes; currency conversion; withdrawal of profits and capital at any time.
Another benefit is import and export shipments are cleared in less than one day with minimum documentation and as a member of the Central American Free Trade Agreement – CAFTA, manufacturers in Honduras are granted duty-free entry to the U.S.
On The Daily Cougar Thursday edition I found an interesting picture. In it was a lonely sad boy on top of the shape and flag of my country: Honduras. At first I didn’t know what the picture meant. After raising my hand in class and asking the opinion editor of the class I understood the students against sweatshops association published it.
The first question that came to my mind was why Honduras and not Mexico? Honduras needs more foreign investments not maquilas shutting down; a third world country that is currently in need of more employment opportunities especially for women who are loosing their jobs because maquilas are closing down. The women of Honduras need jobs, and closing down maquila production will only help increase hunger and poverty.
Mexico is a bigger country; it has more people, many maquilas and more probabilities of being criticized for having sweatshops. Yet Honduras gets criticized.
I understand sweatshops violate people’s rights and make them work long shifts with low and improper pay. American companies operating in Honduras don’t hire anyone under 18 years of age, workers are kept in air conditioned environments, given lunch breaks and bonuses for achieving goals. The factories have on-site clinics and transportation for workers.
Visiting these manufacturing facilities for many years when I was living in Honduras has given me true life experiences as to how workers are treated in these companies. In all the years I went to these places I never saw anyone suffering while working nor anyone complaining about the environment around them. Therefore it is hard to believe that some are accusing these companies of operating sweatshops when what most workers were doing there was making an honest living.
In a developing country like Honduras you need to work long hours under any type of conditions because jobs are scarce and if you want to feed your family you will take advantage of any job you get.
It seems easy to criticize when one has not lived around poverty for many years of one’s life. I believe it is inhumane and illogical for people who have no idea of the working conditions in Honduras to criticize and impede families from earning the money that will feed them and keep them alive. Nobody prohibits people in the US from working overtime and essentially that is what students against sweatshops is trying to do in Honduras.
“In fact, some experts say Western campaigns against low-wage factories overseas mostly benefit the American labor movement and do more harm than good in poor countries by draining off scarce jobs and choking off investment,” said communications coordinator of Wisconsin Citizen Action Roger Bybee.
Alan Delon